Don, I have some thoughts.... If you are planning to invest in an inverse index, I think you should be clearer in your wording. I think you know all this, but I'll explain anyway because Inverse Indices do not short sell the underlying Index and do not mirror the risks of a short sale.... When you short an investment, you sell something you don't have, have to borrow that investment from someone else (to complete the short sale) and pay hefty interest (stock borrowed fees) on the investment loaned to you; but you do also have the value of the proceeds of the sale in your account. While this is fine and you make money when the thing you short does down, you can lose all of your money AND owe even more money if the thing you short goes up. Shorting is very risky because of the multiplier effect on your possible losses. On the other hand, when you buy an inverse investment, your investment is designed to go up and down daily only to the the opposite percentage of the inverse. If the investment goes up 0.5/5/50%, you inverse goes down only 0.5/5/50%. Even in the worst case, your inverse can just go down to zero. You never have the problem of losing more than your initial investment - which can happen on a short. There is some additional market risk with inverse indices in that the inverse is really a set of futures and options investments that together result in daily percentage price moves that mirror that of the underlying investment. There is more risk that futures and options might not settle in a market catastrophe compared with a regular index which is made up from bundles of real shares in the underlying companies. That futures/options settlement problem will not occur unless there is a black swan event - but could happen. However, overall, investing in inverse indices is far less risky than shorting and I think you are talking about inverse indices. I hope this helps. Mike